Prepare the Tofu: Cut the tofu into small cubes and set aside.
Cook the Meat: Heat vegetable oil in a pan over medium heat. Add minced garlic and ginger, then add the minced pork or beef. Cook until the meat is browned.
Add Seasonings: Stir in fermented black beans, chili paste (or chili bean sauce), soy sauce, and Sichuan peppercorns. Mix well to combine.
Incorporate Tofu: Gently add the tofu cubes to the pan, being careful not to break them. Stir gently to coat the tofu with the sauce.
Simmer: Let the mixture simmer for a few minutes to allow the flavors to meld together. If the sauce is too thick, add water gradually to adjust the consistency.
Adjust Seasoning: Taste the dish and adjust the seasoning if necessary, adding more soy sauce or chili paste according to your preference.
Serve: Once everything is cooked through and well combined, transfer the mapo tofu to a serving dish. Serve hot over steamed rice.