Heat olive oil in a large Dutch oven over medium heat. Add onion, carrots, and celery and cook for 6 to 8 minutes until softened.
Add mushrooms and cook for 6 to 8 minutes, until they release their moisture and begin to brown.
Stir in garlic, tomato paste, Italian seasoning, thyme, and smoked paprika. Cook for 1 minute.
Add lentils, crushed tomatoes, vegetable broth, red wine, soy sauce, balsamic vinegar, maple syrup, bay leaf, salt, and pepper. Stir well.
Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce heat and simmer uncovered for 30 to 35 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the lentils are tender and the ragout is thick.
Remove the bay leaf and stir in fresh parsley. Taste and adjust the seasoning.
Serve hot over pasta and finish with vegan Parmesan and fresh herbs.