Heat a large heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat. Add diced onions and cook, stirring occasionally, until they become translucent and fragrant, about 3 minutes.
Add minced garlic to the pot and cook for another 30 seconds until fragrant, making sure it doesn't burn.
Stir in chopped chicken breasts, season with salt and pepper, and cook until they just start to brown, about 5-7 minutes, breaking them apart with a spoon as they cook.
Pour in chicken broth and add drained white beans, ground cumin, and chili powder. Stir to combine everything evenly.
Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low. Cover partially and let simmer uncovered for 20-25 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the flavors meld and the chicken is cooked through.
Once cooked, squeeze fresh lime juice into the pot and stir in chopped cilantro for a bright, fresh flavor.
Taste and adjust seasoning if needed—add more lime or salt to enhance the flavors.
Serve the white chicken chili hot, garnished with additional cilantro or jalapeño slices if desired. Enjoy the comforting, flavorful bowl!